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For that, a strategic partnership among taxonomists, biochemists, pharmacists, farmers, and food experts is highly required to promote Auricularia-based natural products. However, the study identifies some less explored areas such as estimation of farming practices on nutraceuticals quality, purification of bioactive component, and exploration of mechanism of action in vivo. In this backdrop, the present exhaustive review aims to explore species specific ethnic importance, wide range of cultivation techniques replacing traditional method, detailed proximate composition, and evidence based multifunctional therapeutic effects. The easy domestication process thus magnified popularity of ear mushrooms, particularly in recent times, which has a positive effect on edible fungus market demanding an updated summary. Consequently, they are the first mushroom to be cultivated and now rank fourth in worldwide production. The fruiting bodies are translucent, brown to white in color, possess unique morphology of ear shape and jelly-like consistency gifting them various colloquial names like “ear mushroom” or “jelly mushroom.” Most of the species are edible however, consumption of few members, namely Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. auricula-judae for the prevention of common diseases.Īuricularia is an important genus among jelly fungi growing on woods of deciduous trees and shrubs globally. Our review presented a comprehensive insight into the chemical composition, health-promoting effects, and bioactive mechanisms of A. auricula-judae and its health-promoting effects was obtained through library databases and several electronic searches, such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate, and journal websites.

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It is known to exhibit antioxidant properties to prevent free radical-induced oxidative damages balance the blood glucose and lipid levels to alleviate diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and obesity stimulate macrophage and inflammatory cytokines to prevent inflammation exhibit anti-cancer properties by stimulating cellular apoptosis and prevent gut microbial dysbiosis by stimulating the growth of healthy gut microbiota. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that Jew's ear exhibits numerous health-promoting properties. It contains high levels of melanin, carbohydrates, fiber, protein, amino acids, ergosterol, and ascorbic acids, and a very lower level of fat. Jew's ear is an important cultivated edible mushroom. In conclusion,the current study revealed the previously unknown effect of dichloromethane ethyl extract of Auricularia auricula-judae inhibitions of the production of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated macrophages. The inhibition of IL-1β cytokine at protein level was also observed in a dose dependent manner.

Nevertheless, dichloromethane extract of Auricularia auricula-judae did not show complete inhibition of IL-6 mRNA expression. Furthermore, RT-PCR results of this study indicated that the extract markedly reduced the expressions of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) mRNA in LPS-treated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages, which could possibly ameliorate the inflammation.

Dichloromethane extract of Auricularia auricula-judae inhibited Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced nitric oxide (NO) production significantly in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration ≥10 μg/ml (p < 0.05). The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of dichloromethane extract of Auricularia auricula-judae.